KERALA RISING · FROM EXPORTING PEOPLE TO EXPORTING IDEAS future, and carries deep cultural prestige; sorting your rubbish is a chore. People may log an action for points and change nothing about the habits that actually matter, producing a beautiful dashboard above a street that is exactly as dirty as before. If that happens, the framework will have manufactured the appearance of civic change while delivering none, which is worse than doing nothing, because it would let a government claim a victory it has not won. This is the failure the book should fear most, and no clever mechanism design fully rules it out. Gaming may outpace verification Any system that hands out rewards for photographed actions invites people to defeat it, and they are inventive. Staged photos, recycled images, coordinated logging by a few households dressed up as many, collusion between citizens and the local Reward Partners who benefit from traffic, all of these are predictable, and some will work faster than the verification can be hardened against them. The book treats fraud as a controllable engineering problem. A critic would say fraud is an adversarial arms race the institution may lose, or may only win by spending so much on policing that the economic case, the cheap verification that is the whole point, quietly collapses. 308