KERALA RISING · FROM EXPORTING PEOPLE TO EXPORTING IDEAS and is precisely the kind of narrow, high-volume classification that modern vision models do reliably and cheaply. Is this bag segregated into the right stream; is a helmet present; is this a recharge pit rather than a rubbish hole; is a sapling alive at this location twelve months on. These are bounded visual judgements with clear right answers, exactly the regime in which purpose-trained classifiers achieve high accuracy at a fraction of a paisa per inference. The technology is not being asked to do anything close to the frontier of its capability; it is being asked to do something well within it, at scale, for almost nothing. What it does poorly, and is therefore never asked to do The same models are unreliable at exactly the tasks this book never assigns them. They should not make consequential judgements about people, who is a good citizen, who deserves a penalty, what someone’s health status is, and the design assigns them none of these. They are weak at novel or adversarial edge cases, which is why uncertain submissions are escalated to a frontier model and then, if still unclear, to a human. They can carry the biases of their training data, which is why the program rewards participation rather than ranking people, audits a random sample by hand, and publishes the corpus so that systematic errors are visible from outside. And they cannot establish 103