KERALA RISING · FROM EXPORTING PEOPLE TO EXPORTING IDEAS actions, and to house the capability in a permanent, publicly-owned institution that can be reused across many outcomes rather than rebuilt for each. The assessment below considers whether that claim is sound, whether the economics are credible, and whether the risks are manageable. Whether the central claims hold up Three claims carry the framework, and each can be checked against evidence already in the public domain rather than taken on the author’s word. – That the mechanism works. The claim that visible, recognised, socially-reinforced behaviour changes a population is not speculative here; it is the documented basis of this state’s own literacy campaign, its decentralisation of power to local bodies, its cooperative and neighbourhood-group movements, and the speed of its adoption of digital payments. The framework is best read as an attempt to do deliberately, and across more outcomes, what has already happened by circumstance. – That it is now affordable. The historical obstacle was the cost of verifying millions of small actions, which once required labour no administration could justify. Published figures on the cost of automated verification show that cost has fallen to a fraction of a rupee per action and 17